Ding, ding, bang, e robehile e 'ngoe,' me ena ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa lab ea rona, glassware.Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa likhalase le mokhoa oa ho omisa.

Ho na le lintho tse ngata tseo u lokelang ho li ela hloko nakong ea tšebeliso, na ua tseba?

1. The use ea lisebelisoa tsa khalase tse tloaelehileng

(I) Pipette

1. Sehlopha: pipette ea letšoao le le leng (e bitsoang big belly pipette), pipette e filoeng mangolo (mofuta o sa fellang oa ho ntša metsi, mofuta o feletseng oa ho ntša metsi, mofuta oa ho phatloha)

1. Letšoao le le leng pipette le sebelisetsoa ho pipette molumo o itseng oa tharollo ka nepo.Bophara ba karolo e tšoaeang ea pipette e nang le letšoao le le leng e nyenyane le ho nepahala ho phahameng;Pipette ea indexing e na le bophara bo boholo 'me ho nepahala hanyenyane ho mpefala.Ka hona, ha u lekanya palo e felletseng ea tharollo, boholo bo lumellanang hangata bo sebelisoa Single mark pipette ho fapana le indexing pipette.

1. Ts'ebetso:

Pipetting: bakeng sa teko e hlokang ho nepahala ho phahameng, hlakola metsi a setseng ho tloha ntlheng ea phala ka pampiri e sefang, ebe o hlatsoa metsi ka hare le ka ntle ho ntlha ea phala ka mokelikeli o emetseng ka makhetlo a mararo ho etsa bonnete ba hore motsoako oa e tlositsoe tharollo ea ts'ebetso e lula e sa fetohe.Hlokomela hore u se ke ua reflux tharollo ho qoba dilution le tšilafalo ea tharollo.

Ha u tšela tharollo e lokelang ho lakatsoa, ​​kenya ntlha ea tube 1-2cm ka tlas'a metsi (e tebile haholo, tharollo e ngata haholo e khomarela lebota le ka ntle la tube; ha e teba haholo: ho monya ha ho letho ka mor'a hore metsi a theohe).

Ho bala: Moeli oa pono o boemong bo lekanang le ntlha e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea meniscus ea tharollo.

Ho lokolloa: ntlha ea tube e ama ka hare ho sekepe e le hore sekepe se sekame 'me tube e otlolohile.

E tlohetsoe e lokolohile leboteng: Pele pipette e ntšoa setšelong se amohelang, emela metsotsoana e 3 ho netefatsa hore mokelikeli o phalla ka ho feletseng.

(2) botlolo ea volumetric

E sebelisoa haholo-holo ho lokisetsa tharollo ea mahloriso a nepahetseng.

Pele o sebelisa li-flasks tsa volumetric, hlahloba hore na molumo oa li-flask tsa volumetric o lumellana le se hlokahalang;Li-flasks tse sootho tsa volumetric li lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho lokisa lintho tse qhibilihang habonolo.Hore na polaka e silang kapa polaka ea polasetiki e lutla metsi.

1. Teko ea ho lutla: eketsa metsi a pompo sebakeng se haufi le mola oa label, khitla sekoti ka thata, tobetsa polaka ka monoana o ka pele, emisa botlolo e shebile fatše metsotso e 2, 'me u sebelise pampiri e omileng ea sefe ho lekola hore na ho na le metsi a kenang. lekhalo la molomo oa botlolo.Haeba ho se na metsi a lutlang, potoloha kork 180 ° 'me u eme hloohong ea eona metsotso e meng e 2 ho hlahloba.

2. Lintlha:

Lithupa tsa khalase li tlameha ho sebelisoa ha ho fetisetsoa tharollo ho li-flasks tsa volumetric;

U se ke ua tšoara botlolo letsohong la letsoho la hao ho qoba ho atolosoa ha metsi;

Ha molumo oa botlolo ea volumetric o fihla hoo e ka bang 3/4, sisinya botlolo ea volumetric ka makhetlo a 'maloa (u se ke ua fetoha), ho etsa hore tharollo e kopane hantle.Ebe u beha botlolo ea volumetric tafoleng 'me u kenye metsi butle-butle ho fihlela e le haufi le mohala oa 1cm, u emetse metsotso e 1-2 ho tlohela tharollo e khomarelang leboteng la botlolo.Eketsa metsi sebakeng se tlase ka tlase ho boemo ba mokelikeli o kobehang le tangent ho letšoao;

Tharollo e chesang e lokela ho pholile mocheso oa kamore pele e kenngoa ka har'a botlolo ea volumetric, ho seng joalo phoso ea molumo e ka bakoa.

Botlolo ea volumeter e ke ke ea tšoara tharollo ka nako e telele, haholo-holo lye, e tla senya khalase ebe e etsa hore cork e khomarele 'me e se ke ea khona ho bula;

Ha botlolo ea volumetric e sebelisoa, e hlatsoe ka metsi.

Haeba e sa sebelisoe nako e telele, e hlatsoe 'me u e hlakole 'me u e tlose ka pampiri.

1.  Mokhoa oa ho hlatsoa

Ho sa tsotellehe hore na mefuta eohle ea lisebelisoa tsa khalase tse sebelisoang ka laboratoring ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale li hloekile hangata li ama ho tšepahala le ho nepahala ha liphello tsa tlhahlobo, kahoo ke habohlokoa haholo ho netefatsa hore khalase e sebelisoang e hloekile.

Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho hlatsoa likhalase, tse lokelang ho khethoa ho ea ka litlhoko tsa tlhahlobo, mofuta oa litšila le tekanyo ea tšilafalo.Sesebelisoa sa ho lekanya se hlokang ho lekanya tharollo ka nepo, ha ho bonolo ho sebelisa borashe ha u hloekisa, hobane borashe e sebelisoa ka nako e telele, ho bonolo ho apara lerako le ka hare la sesebelisoa sa ho lekanya, le thepa e lokelang ho ba. se lekantsoeng ha sea nepahala.

Tlhahlobo ea bohloeki ba khalase: lebota le ka hare le lokela ho kolobisoa ka ho feletseng ke metsi ntle le lifaha.

Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa:

(1) Hlatsoa ka metsi;

(2) Hlatsoa ka sesepa kapa sesepa (mokhoa ona ha o khothalletsoe bakeng sa liteko tsa chromatography kapa mass spectrometry, li-surfactants ha li bonolo ho li hloekisa, tse ka amang liphello tsa liteko);

(3) Sebelisa chromium lotion (20g potassium dichromate e qhibiliha ka har'a 40g ea metsi a futhumetseng le a ts'oaretsoeng, ebe 360g ea hydrochloric acid ea indasteri e kenngoa butle-butle): e na le bokhoni bo matla ba ho tlosa oli linthong tse phelang, empa e senya haholo 'me e na le chefo e itseng.Ela hloko polokeho;

(4) Litlolo tse ling;

Alkaline potassium permanganate lotion: 4g potassium permanganate e qhibiliha ka metsing, 10g potassium hydroxide e eketsoa mme e hlapolotsoe ka metsi ho 100ml.E sebelisoa ho hloekisa matheba a oli kapa lintho tse ling tse phelang.

Oxalic acid lotion: 5-10g oxalic acid e qhibiliha ka metsing a 100ml, 'me ho kenyelletsoa palo e nyenyane ea hydrochloric acid.Tharollo ena e sebelisetsoa ho hlatsoa manganese dioxide e hlahisoang ka mor'a ho hlatsoa potassium permanganate.

Lotion ea iodine-potasiamo ea iodide (1g ea iodine le 2g potassium iodide li qhibiliha ka metsing 'me li hlapolotsoe ka metsi ho 100ml): e sebelisetsoa ho hlatsoa litšila tse sootho tse setseng tsa silver nitrate.

Tharollo e hloekileng ea pickling: 1: 1 hydrochloric acid kapa nitric acid.E sebelisoa ho tlosa li-ion tsa trace.

Alkaline lotion: 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.Phello ea ho fokotsa mocheso ka ho futhumatsa e molemo.

Lintho tse hlapollang (ether, ethanol, benzene, acetone): tse sebelisetsoang ho hlatsoa matheba a oli kapa lintho tse phelang tse qhibilihang ka har'a motsoako.

3. Dryng

Lisebelisoa tsa khalase li lokela ho hlatsuoa le ho omisoa hore li sebelisoe hamorao ka mor'a tlhahlobo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe.Liteko tse fapaneng li na le litlhoko tse fapaneng bakeng sa tekanyo ea ho omella ha lisebelisoa tsa khalase.Ka mohlala, botlolo ea kgutlotharo e sebelisetsoang ho fokotsa asiti e ka sebelisoa ka mor'a hore e hlatsoe, athe botlolo ea kgutlotharo e sebelisoang ho khetholla mafura e hloka ho omisoa.Sesebelisoa se lokela ho omisoa ho latela litlhoko tse fapaneng.

(1) Airing drying: haeba u sa e hloke ka potlako, e ka omisoa e lebile fatše;

(2) Ho omisa: E ka omisoa ka ontong ka 105-120 ℃ (sesebelisoa sa ho lekanya ha se khone ho omisoa ka ontong);

(3) Ho omisa: moea o chesang o ka sebelisoa ho omisa ka potlako (se omisa lisebelisoa tsa khalase).

Ha e le hantle, haeba u batla mokhoa o bolokehileng le o sebetsang oa ho hloekisa le ho omisa, u ka boela ua khetha mochine oa khalase oa laboratori o hlahisoang ke XPZ.E ke ke ea netefatsa feela phello ea ho hloekisa, empa hape e boloka nako, boiteko, metsi le mosebetsi.Mochine o hlatsoang likhalase oa laboratori o hlahisoang ke XPZ o sebelisa theknoloji ea morao-rao ea ho hloekisa ea machaba.E ka qeta ho hloekisa ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, ho thibela likokoana-hloko le ho omisa ka konopo e le 'ngoe, ho u tlisetsa phihlelo e ncha ea katleho, lebelo le polokeho.Ho kopanngoa ha ho hloekisa le ho omisa ha ho ntlafatse feela boemo le katleho ea boiketsetso ba liteko, empa hape ho fokotsa haholo tšilafalo le tšenyo nakong ea mosebetsi.